v08 Ps
!= kl/ro
;"rgf ljefu ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnocGtu{tsf ljleGg
ljefux¿dWo]sf] Pp6f ljefu xf] . o; ljefusf] :yfkgf
lj=;+= @))% ;fndf /f0ff k|wfgdGqL df]xgzdz]/sf kfnfdf …k|rf/
ljefuÚ sf gfdaf6 ePsf] lyof] . :yfkgfsfndf o; ljefusf
8fO/]S6/ ljho zdz]/ h=a=/f= x'g'x'GYof] .
g]kfnsf ljleGg efux¿df ePsf ljsf;sf sfd / 36gf;DaGwL
ljj/0f a8fxflsd dfk{mt k|fKt u/L k|rf/ ljefusf 8fO/]S6/n]
hfFr u/L k|sfzg ug{ k7fOGYof] . To; ;dosf zf/bf, pBf]u cflb
;flxlTos klqsf / o'ujf0fL, g]kfn k'sf/ h:tf ljrf/ k|wfg klqsfdf
k|rf/ ljefuaf6 hfFr eP/ dfq n]v/rgf k|sflzt x'Gy] . ef/t tyf
cGo b]zaf6 cfPsf kqklqsfnfO{ x'nfs / yfgsf]6df /f]sL ljefudf
NofP/ hfFr u/]kl5 dfq ;DalGwt k|fksnfO{ a'emfOGYof] . g]kfn;DaGwL
/ g]kfndf 5flkPsf k':tsx¿ klg k|rf/ ljefun] hfFRg]
/ cfklQhgs eP hkmt ul/g] / geP ahf/df laqmLsf nflu k7fpg]
ul/GYof] .
@))& ;fndf k|hftGqsf] :yfkgf ePkl5 o; ljefunfO{ …k|rf/–k|;f/
ljefuÚ gfd lbO{ u[x dGqfno cGtu{t /flvof] .
k|hftGqsf] axfnLkl5 g]kfndf kqsfl/tf hut\sf] ljsf;sf] 9f]sf
v'n]sf] xf] eGg ;lsG5 . o;}qmddf @))* ;fndf g]kfn 5fkfvfgf
/ k|sfzg ;DaGwL P]g / 5fkfvfgf / k|sfzg /lhi6«]zg P]g
k|sfzg eO{ nfu" ePsf lyP .
@)!% ;fndf k|]; sld;gn] g]kfnL kqsfl/tfsf] ljsf;df cg]sf}+
/rgfTds ;'emfj lbPsf] lyof] . o;} cg'¿k kqklqsfsf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{
k|df0fkq lbg] lg0f{o ePkl5 k|rf/–k|;f/ ljefuaf6 k|df0fkq
ljt/0f ug{ yflnof] .
g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yf, Oltxf;, k'/ftflTjs ;Dkbf, snf, ;+:s[lt,
e]ife"iff, /Lltl/jfh, rf8kj{ tyf g]kfnsf cGo ljljw kIf
;DaGwL ;"rgfx¿ g]kfn /fHoleq k|rf/–k|;f/
ug]{ / ljZj;fd' g]kfnsf] klxrfg u/fpg]h:tf p2]Zo lnO{ o; ljefun]
ljleGg ;"rgfd"ns / 1fgj4{s k':ts÷k'l:tsf
k|sfzg ug]{, v/Lb ug]{ ,;dfrf/lrq, j[Qlrq / syfgs rnlrq agfpg]
tyf k|bz{g ug]{ / To:t} vfnsf n]v, /rgfx¿ g]kfn klqsfdfk{mt
k|sfzg ug]{ h:tf sfdx¿ ub}{ cfPsf] b]lvG5 .
;do–;dodf ePsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 kl/jt{gsf] cf}lrTo
/ cfjZostf b]z–ljb]zdf k|rf/ u/fpg klg tTsfnLg ;/sf/n]
o; ljefunfO{ ;lqmo agfPsf] lyof] . efif0f, ;Gb]z / 3f]if0ffsf]
;fy;fy} tTsfnLg Joj:yfsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ d2t k'Ug] vfnsf
ljleGg k|sf/sf k':ts k'l:tsf, kf]:6/, kmf]N8/, t:jL/, l;g]df,
j[Qlrq xf]l8{ª af]8{ cflb k|z:t dfqfdf tof/ u/L ljt/0f
ug]{ sfdx¿ klg o; ljefuaf6 ePsf lyP .
/fli6«o Pstfsf] efjgf hufpg] Pj+ hgtfnfO{ /fli6«o
ljsf; sfo{df ;+nUg /xg r]tgf k|bfg ug]{ 9+uaf6 tof/ ul/Psf
;fdu|Lx¿ eg] a]nf a]nfdf o; ljefuaf6 lgdf{0f, k|sfzg
/ ljt/0f ePsf lyP .
@)!* ;fndf cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf Ans d]lzg h8fg u/L b]zsf
ljleGg zLif{:y JolQmTjx¿sf t:jL/x¿ / ljsf; lgdf{0fsf
emns b]vfpg] t:jL/x¿sf] Ans agfO{ k|sfzg ug{ ljleGg
kq klqsfdf cfjZos dfqfdf lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{sf] klg yfngL
ul/of] . g]kfndf cfw'lgs 5fkf dfWodsf] ljsf; gePsf] cj:yfdf
o; k|sf/sf] Ans agfO{ ljt/0f ug]{ sfd kqklqsfdf kmf]6f] k|sfzg
ug]{ b[li6sf]0fn] clt dxTjk"0f{ lyof] . o;sf ;fy} ljleGg
lj4fg\ n]vsx¿af6 lnlvt, cg"lbt g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns,
P]ltxfl;s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, cfly{s, wfld{s,snf, 1fglj1fg
cflb ljleGg ljifodf pkof]uL / 1fgjw{s k':ts–k'l:tsfx¿
klg o; ljefuaf6 k|sfzg u/L ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ePsf
b]lvG5 . o;} u/L cfdf, lxhf] cfh ef]nL / kl/jt{g h:tf g]kfnL
syfgs rnlrqx¿ klg o; ljefuaf6 lgdf{0f / k|bz{g ePsf
lyP . ;fy} g]kfndf j[Qlrqsf] lgdf{0f klg o; ljefun] u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . o;/L x]bf{ g]kfnL syfgs rnlrq Pj+ ljQlrqsf] ljsf;sf]
Oltxf;df ;"rgf ljefusf]] of]ubfgnfO{ sf]if]]9'+Ëfsf]
¿kdf lng ;lsG5 .
o:t} kmf]6f]u|fkmLtk{m cfˆg} Nofa :yfkgf u/L /fli6«o
dxTjsf ;df/f]x cflbsf] kmf]6f] tTsfn} tof/ kf/L ;DalGwt 7fpFdf
dfu cg';f/ ljefun] lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . kmf]6f]
:6\of08 tof/ u/L /dfOnf] d]nf, cnsf d]nf, gjjif{ d]nf cflbdf
ljefuaf6 kmf]6f] k|bz{gL ePsf lyP . ljb]zL /fi6«fWoIf
Pj+ ;/sf/ k|d'vx¿sf] g]kfn e|d0fsf] cj;/df lvr]sf ;Dk"0f{
t:jL/x¿ SofK;g ;lxt cfNaddf /fvL ;DalGwt cltlysf] b]zdf
k7fpg] ul/GYof] .
@)@! ;fndf k|mfG;sf] P= Pkm= kL= ;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L ljZj36gfsf]
va/ :jrflnt 6]lnlk|G6/af6 t'?Gt} lgsfnL To;sf] k|ltlnlk ljleGg
kqklqsfdf k7fpg] ul/GYof] .
k|rf/ ljefu, k|rf/–k|;f/ ljefu, k|]; ;"rgf ljefu
/ ;"rgf ljefu u/L o; ljefusf] gfd a]nf–a]nfdf kl/jt{g
x'Fb} sfdsf] lhDd]jf/Ldf klg yk36 eO{/x]sf] b]lvG5 . gfd /
sfddf km]/abn eO/x] h:t} o; ljefusf] sfof{no ejg klg k]m/abn
eO{/Xof] . lj=;+= @)#) ;fnsf] l;+xb/af/ clUgsf08kl5 o; ljefu
l;+xb/jf/af6 lgl:sP/ 306f3/, 7d]n, afuahf/, cgfdgu/, gofFafg]Zj/
cflb 7fpFdf ef8fdf a;L lj=;+ @)%* ;fn c;f]h @^ ut]b]lv sf7df8f}+
dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= (, ltnu+uf l:yt ;~rf/u|fddf ;/sf/n] pknAw
u/fPsf] hUufdf cfˆg} ejg lgdf{0f u/L :yfoL ¿kdf
/x]sf] 5 .
jt{dfg ;dodf k|wfgdGqL, ;~rf/ dGqL, ;do ;dodf g]kfnsf] e|d0fdf
cfpg] ldq/fi6«sf ;/sf/ k|d'v tyf /fi6« k|d'vx¿sf]
tk{maf6 ;Daf]wg ul/g] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngx¿sf] cfof]hgf ug]{
sfo{df ;"rgf ljefun] ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
;/sf/sf] cf}krfl/s kmf]6f]u|fkm/sf] ¿kdf ljleGg ;/sf/L
;df/f]xsf t:jL/ lvrL kqklqsfnfO{ j]a;fO6dfk{mt k|sfzgfy{ pknAw
u/fpg] / tL t:jL/sf clen]v /fVg] sfd klg ;"rgf ljefun]
ub{5 .
ljleGg kqklqsfdf k|sflzt dxTjk"0f{ ;dfrf/x¿sf]
sl6ª ptf/ u/L dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfno, k|wfgdGqL sfof{nodf
hfgsf/Lsf nflu k7fpg'sf cltl/Qm ;/sf/L cflwsfl/s Sofn]G8/
tyf 8fo/Lsf] k|sfzg tyf laqmL–ljt/0f Joj:yfkg o; ljefun]
ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;fy} ;do ;dodf kqsf/ cGtlqm{of sfo{qmd, uf]i7L
/ 5nkmn cflbsf] cfof]hgf klg ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .
cfly{s jif{ @)%%.%^ b]lv g]kfn ;DaGwL ljljw hfgsf/Ld"ns
k':ts, k'l:tsfx¿ k|sfzg / ljt/0f ug{ k'gM yflnPsf]
5 . ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf / sfo{If]qsf] kl/jt{g Pj+ ;'wf/sf] qmddf
@)$% ;fndf k|sfzg tyf ljt/0f ;DaGwL sfo{x¿ d'b|0f tyf
k|sfzg ljefunfO{ x:tfGt0f ul/Psf] lyof] . To; cl3 ;"rgf
ljefuaf6 k|sflzt ;fdu|Lx¿ ;"rgf ljefun] d'b|0f
ljefunfO{ a'emfof]] . lj=;+= @)%@ ;fndf k'gM ;+/rgf kl/jt{g
x'Fbf k|sfzg, ljt/0f ;DaGwL sfo{x¿ k'gM ;"rgf
ljefudf cfPsf] 5 .
:yfkgfsfnb]lv xfn;Dd hg/n ljho zdz]/, ;flxTosf/ afns[i0f ;d,
ejfgL leIf', jf;'b]j zdf{, afnrGb| zdf{, ;'/]Gb|/fh zdf{,
gf/fo0fk|;fb afF:sf]6f, dx]Gb|gfy vgfn, /]vaxfb'/ e§/fO{,
gu]Gb| zdf{, ef]Uok|;fb zfx, wg'ifrGb| uf}td, sfnLk|;fb l/hfn,
o'ugfy zdf{, k/z'/fd k|wfg, nIdLk|;fb zdf{ bfxfn, z}n]Gb|/fh
zdf{, dx]Gb|/fh kf08], bLk a:g]t, d's'Gbk|;fb cfrfo{, o'j/fh
kf08], w/0fLw/ vltj8f, zfGt/fh ;'j]bL, gf/fo0f uf]kfn dn]uf],cflb
o; ljefusf] k|d'v eO{;Sg' ePsf]5 .
g]kfnL kqsf/x¿sf] k]zfut xs, lxtsf] ;+/If0f Pj+ kqsfl/tfsf]
;+:yfut ljsf;sf nflu ;+ljwfgåf/f g]kfnL gful/snfO{ 5fkfvfgf
tyf kqklqsf ;DaGwL xs k|bfg u/]sf]df ;do ;dodf tL xsnfO{ s'l07t
ug]{ k|of; ePsf] dx;"; ul/P/ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg
@)^# n] k|sf;g, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkfvfgf ;DaGwL xsnfO{ dha"t
t'NofPsf] 5 eGg ;lsG5 .
kqklqsfsf] k|sfzg;DaGwL sfd sf/jfxLx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg]
p2]Zon] 5fkfvfgf tyf k|sfzg ;DaGwL P]g @)$* / 5fkfvfgf tyf
k|sfzg ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] Joj:yf ePsfdf oL P]g sfg"gsf]
sfof{Gjogsf qmddf k|]; k|ltlglw k|df0fkq pknAw u/fpg] / kqklqsf
Pj+ kqsf/sf] clen]v /fVg] k|]; /lhi6«f/ ;d]tsf] lhDd]jf/L
klg ;"rgf ljefun] k"/f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;} l;nl;nfdf
g]kfne/L k|sfzg ePsf ;Dk"0f{ kqklqsfx¿ / kqsf/x¿sf]
ljj/0f sDKo"6/fOH8 ug]{ sfo{ klg ePsf] 5 .
!=! p2]Zo
g]kfn ;/sf/sf sfd sf/jfxL jf/] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf / :jb]z tyf
ljb]zdf ;"rgf k|jflxt ug'{sf cltl/Qm b]zdf :j:y, dof{lbt,
Jofj;flos tyf ;+:yfut kqsfl/tfsf] ljsf;sf nflu pTk|]l/t ug]{
.
!=@ sfo{
g]kfn ;/sf/ / kqsf/ hutsf] aLrdf ;Dks{;"qsf] ¿kdf
/x]/ sfd ug]{ ;d]tsf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug]{ qmddf xfn ;"rgf
ljefun] b]xfosf sfo{x¿ul//x]sf] 5 M–
!= kqklqsf hutsf] nflu pkof]uL x'g;Sg] ;fdu|Lx¿sf]
;+sng tyf k|of]usf] ;d'lrt Joj:yf ug]{ .
@= g]kfn el/af6 k|sflzt x'g] ;a} kqklqsfsf] cWofjlws ljj/0fsf]
clen]v cfw'lgs / j}1flgs 9+un] /fVg] .
#= ljefusf k|sfzg ;fdu|Lx¿ jfrgfno ;+rfngsf nflu pknAw
u/fpg] .
$= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cf}krfl/s kmf]6f]u|fkm/sf] ¿kdf sfo{
ug]{ / kmf]6f]u|fkmLsf] cWofjlws clen]v /fVg] . kmf]6f]u|fkmLnfO{{
;dofg's"n cfw'lgs k|ljlwaf6 ;DkGg ub}{ hfg] . ljz]if
kj{ / ;dodf kmf]6f] k|bz{gLsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ .
%= ;"rgf k|jfxsf nflu ;~rf/ s]Gb|x¿dfk{mt ;x'lnot
b/df ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] .
^= ;"rgf ljefunfO{ ;"rgf Aof+Ísf] ¿kdf
ljsf; ug{ k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug]{ .
&= :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ;~rf/ dfWodsf] k|ltlglwx¿nfO{
k|]; k|ltlglw k|df0fkq tyf kl/rokq k|bfg ug]{ / gjLs/0f ug]{
.
*= /fli6«o lxtnfO{ b[li6ut u/L ;do ;dodf ljb]zsf Voflt
k|fKt / dxTjk"0f{ kqsf/x¿nfO{ lgDTofO{ cfltYo
k|bfg ug]{ .
(= ;/sf/nfO{ Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg' kg]{ ;dfrf/ k|]; ;"rgf
;]jfsf dfWodaf6 pknAw u/fpg] .
!)= g]kfn ;DaGwL ljljw ;"rgfd"ns ;fdu|Lx¿
k|sfzg Pj+ ljt/0f ug]{ .
!!= g]kfn ;/sf/n] :jLs[t u/]sf] juL{s/0fsf cfwf/df kqklqsfnfO{
nf]ssNof0fsf/L lj1fkg pknAw u/fpg] .
!@= g]kfn ;DaGwL ljljw kIfsf] ;fdu|Lx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf]
…g]kfnÚ å}dfl;s klqsf k|sfzg ug]{ .
!#= k|wfgdGqL, ;~rf/ dGqL jf cGo dGqLaf6 lgb]{zg ePdf kqsf/
;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ .
!$ ljb]zL /fi6«fWoIf , ;/sf/ k|d'v tyf cGo ljlzi6 JolQmx¿sf]
g]kfn e|d0fsf] cj;/, g]kfndf cfof]lht cGt/f{li6«o lzv/
;Dd]ng Pj+ cfd lgjf{rg h:tf dxTjk"0f{ /fli6«o kj{x¿df
cfjZostf cg';f/ …ldl8of ;]G6/Ú sf] Joj:yf ug]{
.
!%= ;/sf/af6 kqklqsf / kqsf/x¿nfO{ eG;f/, s/ / cGo
dx;"n ;'ljwf jf 5'6 pknAw u/fOg] ePdf ;f]sf] l;kmfl/;
ug]{ .
!^= k|To]s jif{ Sofn]08/ Pj+ 8fo/L k|sfzg ug]{ .
!&= pknAw ah]6sf] ;Ldfleq /xL ljljw ;"rgfd"ns
;fdu|Lx¿ k|sfzg u/L ljt/0f ug]{ .
!*= cfjZostfg';f/ ;~rf/ gLlt tyf lgb]{lzsfx¿sf] k|sfzg
Pj+ ljt/0f ug]{ u/fpg] .
!(= dxTjk"0f{ ;df/f]x, pT;j / e]63f6sf cj;/sf t:jL/x¿
ljefusf] sIfdf k|bz{g ug]{ .
@)= ;do–;dodf ;"rgf k|jfx / kqsfl/tfl;t ;DalGwt
ljifodf kqsf/ e]63f6, uf]i7L, cGtlqm{of, 5nkmn cflb cfof]hgf
ug]{ .
@!= ljb]zL kqsf/x¿sf] 6f]nL g]kfn e|d0fdf cfpFbf :jfut
sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ .
@@= ah]6sf] ;Ldfleq /xL kqsf/x¿nfO{ kqsfl/tf ;DaGwL
tflnd pknAw u/fpg] .
!=# ;+u7gfTds ;/rgf
k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg @)$* cg'¿k b/aGbL s6f}tL
;d]tn] ubf{ xfn o; ljefudf ;fwf/0f tk{m $) b/aGbL / kmflhn
$ ;d]t s"n $$ sd{rf/L b/jGbL /x]sf] 5 . b/jGbL ljj/0f
b]xfo adf]lhd 5 M–
b/aGbL ljj/0f
l;=g+= kbsf] gfd ;]jf/;d"x >]0fL k|zf;g k|fljlws s}lkmot
1 dxflgb]{zs k|zf;g /f=k=k|yd 1
2 lgb]{zs k|zf;g /f=k=låtLo 1
3 al/i7 5ljsf/ lzIff, snf /f=k= låtLo 1
4 zfvf clws[t k|zf;g /f=k=t[tLo 4
5 n]vf clws[t k|zf;g, n]vf /f=k=t[tLo 1
6 5ljsf/ lzIff, snf /f=k=t[tLo 2
7 gfoa ;'Aaf k|zf;g /f=k=cg+= k|yd 5
8 n]vfkfn k|zf;g, n]vf /f=k=cg+= k|yd 1
9 Ansd]s/ lzIff /f=k=cg+= k|yd 1
10 Ans s]d/fd]g lzIff /f=k=cg+= k|yd 1
11 8fs{?d ck|]6/ lzIff /f=k=cg+=k|yd 1
12 ;xfos 5ljsf/ lzIff /f=k=cg+=k|yd 1
13 sDKo'6/ ck|]6/ ljljw /f=k=cg+=k|yd 1
14 6fO{lki6 k|zf;g a]ucg';f/ 3 ! kmflhn
15 v/Lbf/ k|zf;g /f=k=cg+=låtLo 5
16 6]lnlk|G6 ck|]6/ lzIff /f=k=cg+=låtLo 2 @ kmflhn
17 cl;i6]G6 Ansd]s/ lzIff /f=k=cg+=låtLo 1
18 cl;i6]G6 8fs{?d ck|]6/ lzIff /f=k=cg+=låtLo 1
19 6]lnlk|G6 ck|]6/ lzIff /f=k=cg+=t[tLo 1 ! kmflhn
20 ef/L ;jf/L rfns ) >]0fLljlxg 1
21 xn'sf ;jf/L rfns ) >]0fLljlxg 1
22 lkog ) >]0fLljlxg 8
s"n 29 15 44
;+u7g rf6{

!=$ ;Dks{ sfof{no
;"rgf ljefun] ljleGg ;/sf/L sfdsf/jfxLsf ;DaGwdf g]kfn
;/sf/sf ljleGg dGqfno nufotsf lgsfox?df ;Dks{ /fVbf ;"rgf
tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnodfkm{t ;Dks{ /fVg] 5 . ;/sf/L lgsfox?n] ;"rgf
ljefudf ;Dks{ /fVbf dGqfno:t/sf] lgsfon] ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/
dGqfnodfkm{t / cGo lgsfon] ;f]em} ;Dk{s /fVg ;Sg]5g\ .
!=% If]qflwsf/
;"rgf ljefusf] lgDgfg';f/sf sfo{x?df cfkmgf] If]qflwsf/
/xg]5M–
• k|]; /lhi6f/sf] sfo{,
• ;/sf/L sfo{qmdx?sf] cf}krfl/s kmf]6f]u|fkmL ug]{,
• ;"rgfd"ns tyf 1fgj4{s ;fdu|Lx? k|sfzg tyf
ljt/0f ug]{,
• nf]sNof0fsf/L lj1fkgsf] /sd pknJw u/fpg] .
!=^ ;Da4 P]g lgodx¿
• g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#
• 5fkfvfgf / k|sfzg;DaGwL P]g, @)$*
• 5fkfvfgf / k|sfzg;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)$(
• >dhLlj kqsf/;DaGwL P]g, @)%!
• >dhLlj kqsf/;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)%#
• k|]; sfplG;n P]g, @)$*
• k|]; sfplG;n -sfo{ Joj:yf_ lgodfjnL, @)%# |